Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)

 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) | TYPES | SYMPTOMS | TREATMENT 

There are many causes of arthritis in children, including some infectious diseases, such as influenza and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, one cause that is common in infants and children is the JIA type 1A (juvenile idiopathic arthritis [JIA]) virus, which is caused by a different strain of bacteria than another common disease, Kawasaki Disease (KD) (see article on the links below for more info about KD and its role in the development of arthritis in infants and children). Most commonly seen among infants with high-risk mothers, infantile RA is usually due to exposure to contaminated environments, such as hospitals, daycare centers, and nursing homes, or from immunosuppressive drugs, such as allopregnanolone. Infantile arthritis most often occurs two months after birth and may be accompanied by fever, rash, and swelling. These symptoms typically go away within a few days, but untreated, the condition can progress to juvenile idiopathic arthritis, in which no obvious signs of inflammation are seen, such as swelling and tenderness. Symptoms in young infants include pain, increased heart rate, sleep disturbance, fatigue, lethargy, and diarrhea, as well as fever and rash, with diarrhea being particularly severe. An estimated 10,000 infants in the U.S. are diagnosed with JIV annually, although numbers have been dramatically reduced over recent years. There is currently no cure for JIA, aside from the administration of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Vaccination against JIV, however, is available as an intervention. This article will discuss some of the causes, the epidemiology and risk factors, and the clinical manifestations of infection and complications with JIA, including the acute phase (a time when patients are not completely conscious or unconscious), the chronic phase (when symptoms are present and do not go away quickly) and the post-infection period while we wait for treatment and recovery to begin. The first section discusses the reasons why it's important to know that this illness does get better over time; we also talk about its causes and symptoms, as well as potential ways for doctors to treat and manage it. Next, we review the epidemiology of the JIA virus, how its spread impacts populations and populations, and other risk factors that may affect population health. Then we consider the clinical manifestations of this virus and how clinicians and parents should approach these challenges. Finally, we examine the post-infection syndrome and how practitioners and families should navigate this time, taking into consideration some information from the CDC regarding post-infection complications. At the end of this article, we also address some specific issues related to treating and managing JI in infants and children, providing links to articles written by medical professionals who specialize in this subject matter, and other resources that focus on treating and managing the condition. In the last sections, I will provide links to additional resources such as pediatrician societies that serve populations of infants and children, the American Academy of Pediatrics, National Institutes of Health, Joint Commission, FDA, NALC/CNSF, and others.

What Is It? A rare form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), JIA is known only as JIA when its symptoms have no obvious sign of inflammation or swelling. 

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